Name | Niobium |
Symbol | Nb |
Atomic number | 41 |
Atomic mass | 92,90637 u |
Density | 8,57 g/cm³ (at 20 °C) |
Melting point | 2750 K (2477 °C) |
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Niobium belongs to the family of refractive metals and is extracted from the ores columbite, coltan and loparite. It is used primarily as alloying element for especially stainless steels.
As metallic semi-finished products niobium and its alloys are very versatile. Niobium is used for highly corrosive applications in chemical industries due to its optimum corrosion properties almost matching tantalum. Further applications are cavities from highly pure niobium for accelerator facilities such as XFEL DESY in Hamburg.
Niobium and niobium alloys are also deployed in medical technology (MRI), the coating industry (technical coatings), the lamp industry (sodium vapour lamps) and in aerospace (control jets).
Due to elaborate extraction and difficult production of niobium semi-finished products, the material is expensive and its availability is limited. However, processing niobium semi-finished products is not difficult, the material itself is very soft, ductile, easy to shape and can be welded safely and easily in consideration of its affinity to gases. For mechanical processing it has to be taken into account that the material does not produce large shavings and tends to lubricate. For applications in air or with oxidizing environments niobium alloys need a special coating because otherwise they will react directly with oxygen and will consume themselves in the long run due to the formation of Nb2O5.
Ingot • Slab • Club • Rod • Wire • Plate • Sheet Metal